What is effective second language exposure and how does it relate to content-based instruction and language across the curriculum?

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Abstract

Second language acquisition cannot take place in the absence of exposure to input. However, despite extensive L2 instruction and/or learning content subjects in L2, many struggle to communicate adequately in their L2 in social and/or academic contexts. A clearer delineation of the concept of 'exposure', which requires a review of relevant language acquisition theories and findings, is needed. As such, substantial bodies of work in L2 acquisition by well-known language educators, namely Jim Cummins ('BICS' and 'CALP'), Stephen Krashen ('Comprehensible Input Hypothesis'), Michael Long (Interaction Hypothesis) and Merril Swain (Output Hypothesis) are reviewed. A review is also made of relevant neuroscience research. Two educational approaches, Content-based instruction (CBI) and Language across the curriculum (LAC), are discussed in relation to the insights obtained, with special reference to contexts influenced by Confucian heritage culture (CHC). To allow subject networking to take place, school managers/L2 policy makers need to actively revamp the curriculum.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)93-118
Number of pages26
JournalJournal of Second Language Studies
Volume2
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 18 Apr 2019

Keywords

  • Content-based instruction (CBI)
  • Exposure
  • Language across the curriculum (LAC)
  • Language policy
  • Second language acquisition

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