Wearable Electrocardiogram Sensors for Home Monitoring of Cardiovascular Diseases

Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors represent a transformative advancement for home-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) monitoring. Traditional in-hospital 12-lead ECG systems, whilst comprehensive, are limited by their need for trained operators, cumbersome setup, and patient immobility, making them impractical for long-term, continuous use. Novel wearable ECG technologies, including wrist-worn monitors, textile-based sensors, and patch-based devices, have emerged to facilitate unobtrusive, real-time monitoring. These devices enhance user comfort, encourage consistent usage, and enable data collection under natural daily conditions. Despite these advancements, wearable ECGs must overcome issues related to motion artefacts, data accuracy, and user comfort during prolonged use. Future research is warranted on integrating artificial intelligence and strengthening security measures to enhance diagnostics, device reliability, and seamless healthcare integration.