Towards a unified blockchain business value framework: a systematic literature review

Blockchain technology holds significant potential to transform business operations and generate business value. However, how organisations derive business value from its implementation and use remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to explore how business value is generated through blockchain implementation and use. Drawing on a systematic literature review of 110 studies, the study develops a unified framework outlining key conditions for value realisation, including strategic imperatives, blockchain investments, assets, impacts, and business value. The study contributes to theory by clarifying value creation mechanisms and provides practical guidance for organisations. It also distinguishes between permissionless and permissioned blockchain architectures and explains their roles in value generation.