TY - JOUR
T1 - The evolution of open learning
T2 - A review of the transition from pre-e-learning to the era of e-learning
AU - Li, Kam Cheong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Hong Kong Bao Long Accounting And Secretarial Limited. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - This paper offers a summary of the developments that open learning has gone through, from the stages before e-learning emerged to when it carved out a niche position. It first analyzes how open learning moved through five stages, and identifies the characteristics and dominant technology at each stage. The five stages cover the period from correspondence learning in the 19th century to the present era of interactive online learning. It then examines how the term "open learning" has been defined in published work and how the definitions have evolved. From these definitions of open learning, seven semantic components were identified. The frequencies with which each of these components were adopted in the definitions in three periods since 1990 were then analyzed, revealing the changes in the meanings of open learning. In an extended discussion, this paper sums up the evolution of open learning and highlights some of the factors that have driven the changes. It also predicts how education will evolve with e-learning.
AB - This paper offers a summary of the developments that open learning has gone through, from the stages before e-learning emerged to when it carved out a niche position. It first analyzes how open learning moved through five stages, and identifies the characteristics and dominant technology at each stage. The five stages cover the period from correspondence learning in the 19th century to the present era of interactive online learning. It then examines how the term "open learning" has been defined in published work and how the definitions have evolved. From these definitions of open learning, seven semantic components were identified. The frequencies with which each of these components were adopted in the definitions in three periods since 1990 were then analyzed, revealing the changes in the meanings of open learning. In an extended discussion, this paper sums up the evolution of open learning and highlights some of the factors that have driven the changes. It also predicts how education will evolve with e-learning.
KW - Evolution
KW - Open learning
KW - e-Learning
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85057065134&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85057065134
SN - 2073-7904
VL - 10
SP - 408
EP - 425
JO - Knowledge Management and E-Learning
JF - Knowledge Management and E-Learning
IS - 4
ER -