TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk stratification of sudden cardiac death in asymptomatic female Brugada syndrome patients
T2 - A literature review
AU - Leung, Keith Sai Kit
AU - Radford, Danny
AU - Huang, Helen
AU - Lakhani, Ishan
AU - Li, Christien Ka Hou
AU - Hothi, Sandeep Singh
AU - Wai, Abraham Ka Chung
AU - Liu, Tong
AU - Tse, Gary
AU - Lee, Sharen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Background and Objectives: Risk stratification in Brugada syndrome remains a difficult problem. Given the male predominance of this disease and their elevated risks of arrhythmic events, affected females have received less attention. It is widely known that symptomatic patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) than asymptomatic patients, while this might be true in the male population; recent studies have shown that this association might not be significant in females. Over the past few decades, numerous markers involving clinical symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) indices, and genetic tests have been explored, with several risk-scoring models developed so far. The objective of this study is to review the current evidence of clinical and ECG markers as well as risk scores on asymptomatic females with Brugada syndrome. Findings: Gender differences in ECG markers, the yield of genetic findings, and the applicability of risk scores are highlighted. Conclusions: Various clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic risk factors are available for assessing SCD risk amongst asymptomatic female BrS patients. However, due to the significant gender discrepancy in BrS, the SCD risk amongst females is often underestimated, and there is a lack of research on female-specific risk factors and multiparametric risk scores. Therefore, multinational studies pooling female BrS patients are needed for the development of a gender-specific risk stratification approach amongst asymptomatic BrS patients.
AB - Background and Objectives: Risk stratification in Brugada syndrome remains a difficult problem. Given the male predominance of this disease and their elevated risks of arrhythmic events, affected females have received less attention. It is widely known that symptomatic patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) than asymptomatic patients, while this might be true in the male population; recent studies have shown that this association might not be significant in females. Over the past few decades, numerous markers involving clinical symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) indices, and genetic tests have been explored, with several risk-scoring models developed so far. The objective of this study is to review the current evidence of clinical and ECG markers as well as risk scores on asymptomatic females with Brugada syndrome. Findings: Gender differences in ECG markers, the yield of genetic findings, and the applicability of risk scores are highlighted. Conclusions: Various clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic risk factors are available for assessing SCD risk amongst asymptomatic female BrS patients. However, due to the significant gender discrepancy in BrS, the SCD risk amongst females is often underestimated, and there is a lack of research on female-specific risk factors and multiparametric risk scores. Therefore, multinational studies pooling female BrS patients are needed for the development of a gender-specific risk stratification approach amongst asymptomatic BrS patients.
KW - Brugada syndrome
KW - gender difference
KW - risk stratification
KW - sudden cardiac death
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150289250&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/anec.13030
DO - 10.1111/anec.13030
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36628595
AN - SCOPUS:85150289250
SN - 1082-720X
VL - 28
JO - Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
JF - Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
IS - 2
M1 - e13030
ER -