Risk stratification of sudden cardiac death in asymptomatic female Brugada syndrome patients: A literature review

Keith Sai Kit Leung, Danny Radford, Helen Huang, Ishan Lakhani, Christien Ka Hou Li, Sandeep Singh Hothi, Abraham Ka Chung Wai, Tong Liu, Gary Tse, Sharen Lee

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Risk stratification in Brugada syndrome remains a difficult problem. Given the male predominance of this disease and their elevated risks of arrhythmic events, affected females have received less attention. It is widely known that symptomatic patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) than asymptomatic patients, while this might be true in the male population; recent studies have shown that this association might not be significant in females. Over the past few decades, numerous markers involving clinical symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) indices, and genetic tests have been explored, with several risk-scoring models developed so far. The objective of this study is to review the current evidence of clinical and ECG markers as well as risk scores on asymptomatic females with Brugada syndrome. Findings: Gender differences in ECG markers, the yield of genetic findings, and the applicability of risk scores are highlighted. Conclusions: Various clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic risk factors are available for assessing SCD risk amongst asymptomatic female BrS patients. However, due to the significant gender discrepancy in BrS, the SCD risk amongst females is often underestimated, and there is a lack of research on female-specific risk factors and multiparametric risk scores. Therefore, multinational studies pooling female BrS patients are needed for the development of a gender-specific risk stratification approach amongst asymptomatic BrS patients.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere13030
JournalAnnals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
Volume28
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2023
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Brugada syndrome
  • gender difference
  • risk stratification
  • sudden cardiac death

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