TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationships between human adenoviruses and faecal indicator organisms in European recreational waters
AU - Wyer, Mark D.
AU - Wyn-Jones, A. Peter
AU - Kay, David
AU - Au-Yeung, Ho Kong Christopher
AU - Gironés, Rosina
AU - López-Pila, Juan
AU - de Roda Husman, Ana Maria
AU - Rutjes, Saskia
AU - Schneider, Oliver
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by an EU contract number 513648 VIROBATHE, as part of the Sixth Framework Programme and was performed by scientists and technicians from 16 Institutions across Europe. In addition to the Authors of this paper, those making significant contributions were as follows (affiliations as shown on the title page):
PY - 2012/9/1
Y1 - 2012/9/1
N2 - Human adenoviruses (HAdV) may be implicated in some disease outbreaks associated with recreational water exposures, typically in swimming pools. Modern molecular methods can be used to detect HAdV in environmental water samples. During the EU FP6 Project VIROBATHE a database of over 290 HAdV analyses with corresponding faecal indicator organism (FIO) determinations was gathered and used to explore statistical associations between HAdV and FIO results. The FIOs measured were Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci and somatic coliphage. Statistically significant trends of increasing proportions of HAdV-positive results in categories of increasing FIO concentration were found in freshwater but not seawater samples. The analysis of these trends in freshwater samples was refined, the trends remaining statistically significant when using categories of 0.5 log10 intervals of FIO concentration. Logistic regression models were then developed to predict the probability of a HAdV-positive outcome from FIO concentration. Potential applications of these models to predict the probability of HAdV-positive outcomes from routine FIO determinations used to describe recreational water quality exposures and to classify recreational water quality are discussed.
AB - Human adenoviruses (HAdV) may be implicated in some disease outbreaks associated with recreational water exposures, typically in swimming pools. Modern molecular methods can be used to detect HAdV in environmental water samples. During the EU FP6 Project VIROBATHE a database of over 290 HAdV analyses with corresponding faecal indicator organism (FIO) determinations was gathered and used to explore statistical associations between HAdV and FIO results. The FIOs measured were Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci and somatic coliphage. Statistically significant trends of increasing proportions of HAdV-positive results in categories of increasing FIO concentration were found in freshwater but not seawater samples. The analysis of these trends in freshwater samples was refined, the trends remaining statistically significant when using categories of 0.5 log10 intervals of FIO concentration. Logistic regression models were then developed to predict the probability of a HAdV-positive outcome from FIO concentration. Potential applications of these models to predict the probability of HAdV-positive outcomes from routine FIO determinations used to describe recreational water quality exposures and to classify recreational water quality are discussed.
KW - E. coli
KW - Faecal indicator organisms
KW - Human adenovirus
KW - Intestinal enterococci
KW - Logistic regression
KW - Recreational water quality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84862764435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.008
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 22633054
AN - SCOPUS:84862764435
SN - 0043-1354
VL - 46
SP - 4130
EP - 4141
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
IS - 13
ER -
