TY - JOUR
T1 - Purification efficiency of domestic wastewater by mangrove constructed wetlands
AU - Yang, Qiong
AU - Lan, Chong Yu
AU - Tam, Fung Yee
AU - Chen, Li E.
AU - Hu, Liu Liu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Ecology. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/9/1
Y1 - 2014/9/1
N2 - Three identical belts (length : 33 m, width : 3 m, depth : 0.5 m) of subsurface-flow wetland were constructed, and each was planted with one of three different mangrove plants [one exotic mangrove species (Sonneratia caseolaris) and two native species (Kandelia obovata and Aegiceras corniculatum)]. The hydraulic loading rate was 5 m3 · d−1 and the hydraulic retention time was three days. The study was lasted for 2 years. The average removal efficiencies were 65%, 74%, 53%, 52%, 67% and 70% for chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP) and soluble phosphate (SP), respectively. The treatment efficiency was positively correlated with plant growth. At the beginning of the study, S. caseolaris had the fastest growth and best purification efficiency. However, half of S. caseolaris were dead due to an accidental spillage of herbicides few months after the start, the treatment efficiency of S. caseolaris was then dropped and became lower than that of A. corniculatum and K. obovata. More than 80% of total coliform and fecal colifoπn were removed and no significant differences were found among the three mangrove species, but the average concentrations in the treated effluents were still higher than the discharge standard set by the state government. The results indicated that a post-treatment process to remove coliforms must be included if the mangrove constructed wetland is used for domestic sewage treatment. As for S. caseolaris, further research is needed to understand its sensitivity to chemicals and low temperature.
AB - Three identical belts (length : 33 m, width : 3 m, depth : 0.5 m) of subsurface-flow wetland were constructed, and each was planted with one of three different mangrove plants [one exotic mangrove species (Sonneratia caseolaris) and two native species (Kandelia obovata and Aegiceras corniculatum)]. The hydraulic loading rate was 5 m3 · d−1 and the hydraulic retention time was three days. The study was lasted for 2 years. The average removal efficiencies were 65%, 74%, 53%, 52%, 67% and 70% for chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP) and soluble phosphate (SP), respectively. The treatment efficiency was positively correlated with plant growth. At the beginning of the study, S. caseolaris had the fastest growth and best purification efficiency. However, half of S. caseolaris were dead due to an accidental spillage of herbicides few months after the start, the treatment efficiency of S. caseolaris was then dropped and became lower than that of A. corniculatum and K. obovata. More than 80% of total coliform and fecal colifoπn were removed and no significant differences were found among the three mangrove species, but the average concentrations in the treated effluents were still higher than the discharge standard set by the state government. The results indicated that a post-treatment process to remove coliforms must be included if the mangrove constructed wetland is used for domestic sewage treatment. As for S. caseolaris, further research is needed to understand its sensitivity to chemicals and low temperature.
KW - Constructed wetland
KW - Domestic wastewater
KW - Mangrove
KW - Purification efficiency
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84908004909&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84908004909
SN - 1000-4890
VL - 33
SP - 2510
EP - 2517
JO - Chinese Journal of Ecology
JF - Chinese Journal of Ecology
IS - 9
ER -