TY - JOUR
T1 - Perfluoroalkyl substances and extractable organic fluorine in surface sediments and cores from Lake Ontario
AU - Yeung, Leo W.Y.
AU - De Silva, Amila O.
AU - Loi, Eva I.H.
AU - Marvin, Chris H.
AU - Taniyasu, Sachi
AU - Yamashita, Nobuyoshi
AU - Mabury, Scott A.
AU - Muir, Derek C.G.
AU - Lam, Paul K.S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The work described in this paper was supported by Environment Canada's Chemical Management Plan and by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41276111 ). The authors would like to thank Anne Myers (University of Toronto) for helping to prepare the manuscript and Fan Yang (Environment Canada, Burlington ON) for sediment core dating.
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - Fourteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including short-chain perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, C4-C6) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs, C4 and C6) were measured in surface sediment samples from 26 stations collected in 2008 and sediment core samples from three stations (Niagara, Mississauga, and Rochester basins) collected in 2006 in Lake Ontario. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) were detected in all 26 surface sediment samples, whereas perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) were detected in over 70% of the surface sediment samples. PFOS was detected in all of the sediment core samples (range: 0.492-30.1ngg-1 d.w.) over the period 1952-2005. The C8 to C11 PFCAs, FOSA, and PFBA increased in early 1970s. An overall increasing trend in sediment PFAS concentrations/fluxes from older to more recently deposited sediments was evident in the three sediment cores. The known PFCAs and PFSAs accounted for 2-44% of the anionic fraction of the extractable organic fluorine in surface sediment, suggesting that a large proportion of fluorine in this fraction remained unknown. Sediment core samples collected from Niagara basin showed an increase in unidentified organic fluorine in recent years (1995-2006). These results suggest that the use and manufacture of fluorinated organic compounds other than known PFCAs and PFSAs has diversified and increased.
AB - Fourteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including short-chain perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, C4-C6) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs, C4 and C6) were measured in surface sediment samples from 26 stations collected in 2008 and sediment core samples from three stations (Niagara, Mississauga, and Rochester basins) collected in 2006 in Lake Ontario. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) were detected in all 26 surface sediment samples, whereas perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) were detected in over 70% of the surface sediment samples. PFOS was detected in all of the sediment core samples (range: 0.492-30.1ngg-1 d.w.) over the period 1952-2005. The C8 to C11 PFCAs, FOSA, and PFBA increased in early 1970s. An overall increasing trend in sediment PFAS concentrations/fluxes from older to more recently deposited sediments was evident in the three sediment cores. The known PFCAs and PFSAs accounted for 2-44% of the anionic fraction of the extractable organic fluorine in surface sediment, suggesting that a large proportion of fluorine in this fraction remained unknown. Sediment core samples collected from Niagara basin showed an increase in unidentified organic fluorine in recent years (1995-2006). These results suggest that the use and manufacture of fluorinated organic compounds other than known PFCAs and PFSAs has diversified and increased.
KW - Core
KW - Flux
KW - PFAS
KW - PFOS
KW - Sediment
KW - Unidentified fluorine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84881095375&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.026
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.026
M3 - Article
C2 - 23911339
AN - SCOPUS:84881095375
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 59
SP - 389
EP - 397
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
ER -