TY - JOUR
T1 - Perfluorinated compounds in streams of the Shihwa industrial zone and Lake Shihwa, South Korea
AU - Rostkowski, Pawel
AU - Yamashita, Nobuyoshi
AU - So, Iris Man Ka
AU - Taniyasu, Sachi
AU - Lam, Paul Kwan Sing
AU - Falandysz, Jerzy
AU - Lee, Kyu Tae
AU - Kim, Seung Kyu
AU - Khim, Jong Seong
AU - Im, Sook Hyeon
AU - Newsted, John L.
AU - Jones, Paul D.
AU - Kannan, Kurunthachalam
AU - Giesy, John P.
PY - 2006/9
Y1 - 2006/9
N2 - Concentrations of perfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFAs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate, perfluorobutanesulfonate, perfluorooctanesulfonamide, perfluorodecanoate, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoate, and perfluorohexanoate, were measured in the streams of the Shihwa and Banweol industrial areas on the west coast of South Korea as well as the adjacent Lake Shihwa (an artificial lake) and Gyeonggi Bay. Perfluorinated alkyl compounds were concentrated from water using solid-phase extraction and were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography/triple-quadrapole tandem mass spectrometry. Of the PFAs measured, PFOS and PFOA occurred at the greatest concentrations. Concentrations of PFOS ranged from 2.24 to 651 ng/L, and concentrations of PFOA ranged from 0.9 to 62 ng/L. The concentrations of PFOS observed in Lake Shihwa were among the greatest ever measured in the environment. These results suggest local industrial sources of PFOS and PFOA as well as other PFAs. Because of dilution, the greatest concentrations occur in a rather restricted area, near the points of discharge of the streams that empty into the lake. The greatest measured concentration of PFOS exceeded the threshold for effects predicted for predatory birds consuming aquatic organisms continuously exposed to this level.
AB - Concentrations of perfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFAs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate, perfluorobutanesulfonate, perfluorooctanesulfonamide, perfluorodecanoate, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoate, and perfluorohexanoate, were measured in the streams of the Shihwa and Banweol industrial areas on the west coast of South Korea as well as the adjacent Lake Shihwa (an artificial lake) and Gyeonggi Bay. Perfluorinated alkyl compounds were concentrated from water using solid-phase extraction and were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography/triple-quadrapole tandem mass spectrometry. Of the PFAs measured, PFOS and PFOA occurred at the greatest concentrations. Concentrations of PFOS ranged from 2.24 to 651 ng/L, and concentrations of PFOA ranged from 0.9 to 62 ng/L. The concentrations of PFOS observed in Lake Shihwa were among the greatest ever measured in the environment. These results suggest local industrial sources of PFOS and PFOA as well as other PFAs. Because of dilution, the greatest concentrations occur in a rather restricted area, near the points of discharge of the streams that empty into the lake. The greatest measured concentration of PFOS exceeded the threshold for effects predicted for predatory birds consuming aquatic organisms continuously exposed to this level.
KW - Asia
KW - Perfluorinated alkyl compounds
KW - Perfluoroctane sulfonate
KW - Solid-phase extraction
KW - Wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33750599458&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1897/05-627R.1
DO - 10.1897/05-627R.1
M3 - Article
C2 - 16986792
AN - SCOPUS:33750599458
SN - 0730-7268
VL - 25
SP - 2374
EP - 2380
JO - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
IS - 9
ER -