Improving National Digital Identity Systems Usage: Human-Centric Cybersecurity Survey

National digital identity systems (NDIDs) are increasingly important for users’ authentication and secure access to e-government services. However, there is insufficient research on human-centric cybersecurity (HCCS) that impacts the use of NDIDs. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior and technical formal informal model, this paper proposes and validates a research model that depicts how HCCS affect the use of NDIDs. Data were collected from 203 Australian residents and analyzed using structural equation modeling and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that security, privacy, perceived risk, usability, flexibility, and cultural and social interference significantly impact the use of NDIDs. Considering HCCS in NDIDs usage, especially in risk-conscious cultures, is crucial. Low cybersecurity awareness and trust impede NDIDs adoption, emphasizing the need for cybersecurity education and awareness. The insights benefit policymakers, governments, and cybersecurity practitioners, providing a valuable understanding of human-centric cybersecurity influence on the use of NDIDs.