TY - JOUR
T1 - Distribution and risk assessment of antibiotic and bisphenol compounds residues in drinking water sources of Guangdong
AU - Lao, Xiaolan
AU - Tam, Nora F.Y.
AU - Zhong, Meiling
AU - Wu, Qihang
AU - Liu, Zhineng
AU - Huang, Xuexia
AU - Wei, Lezhang
AU - Liu, Yu
AU - Luo, Dinggui
AU - Li, Shuhui
AU - Yang, Qunhua
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
PY - 2024/8
Y1 - 2024/8
N2 - The safety of the source of drinking water is important to human health, and monitoring the occurrence of contamination, particularly antibiotics and toxic organic compounds, is critically essential. Such information also helps in managing and improving water quality. However, the degree and details of this contamination in drinking water sources of Guangdong province are still not clear. This study determined the residues of antibiotics and bisphenol compounds (BPs) in three water sources, including two reservoirs and one river, in Guangdong province, aiming to evaluate the drinking water safety and health risk. The results showed that a total of 32 antibiotics and 3 BPs (BPAF, BPs, BPA) were detected in March. The total concentration antibiotics and BPs ranged from not detected (nd) to 243.65 ng/L and nd to 7.47 ng/L, respectively. In August, a total of 35 antibiotics and 3 BPs (BPAF, BPS, BPA) were detected. The total concentrations of antibiotics and BPs ranged from 0.11 to 1793.72 ng/L and nd to 59.15 ng/L, respectively. The concentration of pollutants in August (wet season) was significantly higher than that in March (dry season). Principal component analysis showed that non-point source pollution concentrations increased in river-type water sources. The concentration of pollutants was generally higher in river water than in reservoir water. In addition, seasonal variations were observed. Health risk assessments for antibiotics indicate that chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline pose risks to the 0–3 month and 3–4 year age groups. The results of the ecological risk assessment revealed that in March and August, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin, lincomycin, roxithromycin, oxytetracycline, and enoxacin posed moderate or high risks. BPS posed a moderate risk at all sampling sites, while BPA presented a high risk. This study reveals the contamination problems of drinking water sources and provides the basis for the pollution control of water in Guangdong Province.
AB - The safety of the source of drinking water is important to human health, and monitoring the occurrence of contamination, particularly antibiotics and toxic organic compounds, is critically essential. Such information also helps in managing and improving water quality. However, the degree and details of this contamination in drinking water sources of Guangdong province are still not clear. This study determined the residues of antibiotics and bisphenol compounds (BPs) in three water sources, including two reservoirs and one river, in Guangdong province, aiming to evaluate the drinking water safety and health risk. The results showed that a total of 32 antibiotics and 3 BPs (BPAF, BPs, BPA) were detected in March. The total concentration antibiotics and BPs ranged from not detected (nd) to 243.65 ng/L and nd to 7.47 ng/L, respectively. In August, a total of 35 antibiotics and 3 BPs (BPAF, BPS, BPA) were detected. The total concentrations of antibiotics and BPs ranged from 0.11 to 1793.72 ng/L and nd to 59.15 ng/L, respectively. The concentration of pollutants in August (wet season) was significantly higher than that in March (dry season). Principal component analysis showed that non-point source pollution concentrations increased in river-type water sources. The concentration of pollutants was generally higher in river water than in reservoir water. In addition, seasonal variations were observed. Health risk assessments for antibiotics indicate that chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline pose risks to the 0–3 month and 3–4 year age groups. The results of the ecological risk assessment revealed that in March and August, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin, lincomycin, roxithromycin, oxytetracycline, and enoxacin posed moderate or high risks. BPS posed a moderate risk at all sampling sites, while BPA presented a high risk. This study reveals the contamination problems of drinking water sources and provides the basis for the pollution control of water in Guangdong Province.
KW - Antibiotics
KW - Bisphenol compounds
KW - Drinking water sources
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Seasonal distribution
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85200874453&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12665-024-11756-2
DO - 10.1007/s12665-024-11756-2
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85200874453
SN - 1866-6280
VL - 83
JO - Environmental Earth Sciences
JF - Environmental Earth Sciences
IS - 16
M1 - 475
ER -
