Development of Osyter Shell and PET Bottle Waste for Sustainable Concrete Production

The construction industry significantly contributes to global carbon emissions, with concrete production consuming vast natural resources and emitting large amounts of carbon dioxide. Overharvesting these resources for cement and aggregate production negatively impacts ecosystems, highlighting the urgent need for greener concrete production methods. Annually, over 3.9 million tons of oyster shell waste and more than 55 million tons of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste are generated globally. Poorly managed oyster shells pile up on seashores, while PET incineration contributes to air pollution and acid rain. These wastes present promising alternatives in the construction industry by offering multiple benefits: reducing contamination, utilizing calcium-rich oyster shells, minimizing PET waste impact, lowering construction costs, and addressing waste disposal challenges. This paper explores current oyster shell and PET waste management practices in Asia, their material properties, and applications in various industries. It also presents experimental results on the effects of using oyster shells as a partial replacement for fine and coarse aggregate, as well as a partial replacement for cement.