TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative toxicities of four benzophenone ultraviolet filters to two life stages of two coral species
AU - He, Tangtian
AU - Tsui, Mirabelle Mei Po
AU - Tan, Chih Jui
AU - Ng, Ka Yan
AU - Guo, Fu Wen
AU - Wang, Li Hsueh
AU - Chen, Te Hao
AU - Fan, Tung Yung
AU - Lam, Paul Kwan Sing
AU - Murphy, Margaret Burkhardt
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/2/15
Y1 - 2019/2/15
N2 - The benzophenone (BP) organic ultraviolet (UV) filters have been measured in seawater at ng/L to μg/L levels, but more data on their effects in non-target marine organisms are needed. Corals can be exposed to BPs due to wastewater discharges and coastal recreational activities. In this study, toxicities and bioaccumulation of BP-1 (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), BP-3 (oxybenzone), BP-4 (sulisobenzone) and BP-8 (dioxybenzone) to larvae and adults of two coral species, Pocillopora damicornis and Seriatopora caliendrum, were assessed at concentrations ranging from 0.1–1000 μg/L. BP-1 and BP-8 exposure caused significant settlement failure, bleaching and mortality of S. caliendrum larvae [lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC): ≥10 μg/L] compared to the other BPs, while none of the tested compounds and concentrations affected P. damicornis larvae. Nubbins were more sensitive to BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 than larvae. Overall, BP-1 and BP-8 were more toxic to the two tested species than BP-3 and BP-4, which matches the relative bioaccumulation potential of the four BPs (BP-8 > BP-1 ≈ BP-3 > BP-4). A conservative risk assessment using the effect concentrations derived from this study showed that BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 pose high or medium risk to the health of corals in popular recreational areas of Taiwan and Hong Kong. Our study suggests that future ecotoxicological studies of corals should take their sensitivities, life stages and metabolic capacities into consideration.
AB - The benzophenone (BP) organic ultraviolet (UV) filters have been measured in seawater at ng/L to μg/L levels, but more data on their effects in non-target marine organisms are needed. Corals can be exposed to BPs due to wastewater discharges and coastal recreational activities. In this study, toxicities and bioaccumulation of BP-1 (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), BP-3 (oxybenzone), BP-4 (sulisobenzone) and BP-8 (dioxybenzone) to larvae and adults of two coral species, Pocillopora damicornis and Seriatopora caliendrum, were assessed at concentrations ranging from 0.1–1000 μg/L. BP-1 and BP-8 exposure caused significant settlement failure, bleaching and mortality of S. caliendrum larvae [lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC): ≥10 μg/L] compared to the other BPs, while none of the tested compounds and concentrations affected P. damicornis larvae. Nubbins were more sensitive to BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 than larvae. Overall, BP-1 and BP-8 were more toxic to the two tested species than BP-3 and BP-4, which matches the relative bioaccumulation potential of the four BPs (BP-8 > BP-1 ≈ BP-3 > BP-4). A conservative risk assessment using the effect concentrations derived from this study showed that BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 pose high or medium risk to the health of corals in popular recreational areas of Taiwan and Hong Kong. Our study suggests that future ecotoxicological studies of corals should take their sensitivities, life stages and metabolic capacities into consideration.
KW - Benzophenone ultraviolet filter
KW - Bioaccumulation
KW - Biodegradation
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Scleractinia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054880742&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.148
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.148
M3 - Article
C2 - 30336428
AN - SCOPUS:85054880742
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 651
SP - 2391
EP - 2399
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -