TY - JOUR
T1 - Biokinetics and biotransformation of DDTs in the marine green mussels Perna viridis
AU - Kwong, Raymond W.M.
AU - Yu, Peter K.N.
AU - Lam, Paul K.S.
AU - Wang, Wen Xiong
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this work. This study was supported by the Areas of Excellence Scheme established under the University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong SAR (Project No. AoE/P-04/2004).
PY - 2009/7/26
Y1 - 2009/7/26
N2 - The biokinetics of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, p,p′-dichlorodiphenydichloroethylene (DDE) and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis were characterized in this study. We exposed the mussels to DDT in aqueous or dietary sources and then compared and evaluated the absorption, accumulation, distribution and elimination of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in the mussels. In addition, a dynamic model was employed to quantify the depuration kinetics of each DDT compound in various organs of the mussels. The potential biotransformation pathway in the mussels after dietary exposure to DDT was also analyzed. Differing accumulation and elimination patterns of each DDT compound (DDT, DDD and DDE) in various organs were observed. Most of the DDT was confined to the hepatopancreas following either aqueous or dietary exposure, although the biological fate and biokinetics of DDT were differed significantly between routes of exposure. In addition, the elimination of dietary DDT was markedly slower than that following aqueous uptake. The biotransformation of DDT to DDE was rare in the mussels, suggesting that any DDE in the mussels came primarily from the ambient environment instead of through biotransformation process. Nevertheless, DDE may be retained in the mussels because of its exceptionally low elimination rate. In contrast, DDT was biotransformed to DDD in the mussels following dietary uptake, and this biotransformation may facilitate DDT elimination from the mussels.
AB - The biokinetics of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, p,p′-dichlorodiphenydichloroethylene (DDE) and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis were characterized in this study. We exposed the mussels to DDT in aqueous or dietary sources and then compared and evaluated the absorption, accumulation, distribution and elimination of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in the mussels. In addition, a dynamic model was employed to quantify the depuration kinetics of each DDT compound in various organs of the mussels. The potential biotransformation pathway in the mussels after dietary exposure to DDT was also analyzed. Differing accumulation and elimination patterns of each DDT compound (DDT, DDD and DDE) in various organs were observed. Most of the DDT was confined to the hepatopancreas following either aqueous or dietary exposure, although the biological fate and biokinetics of DDT were differed significantly between routes of exposure. In addition, the elimination of dietary DDT was markedly slower than that following aqueous uptake. The biotransformation of DDT to DDE was rare in the mussels, suggesting that any DDE in the mussels came primarily from the ambient environment instead of through biotransformation process. Nevertheless, DDE may be retained in the mussels because of its exceptionally low elimination rate. In contrast, DDT was biotransformed to DDD in the mussels following dietary uptake, and this biotransformation may facilitate DDT elimination from the mussels.
KW - Biotransformation
KW - DDT
KW - Depuration
KW - Model
KW - Mussel
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67649467301&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.05.001
DO - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.05.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 19487035
AN - SCOPUS:67649467301
SN - 0166-445X
VL - 93
SP - 196
EP - 204
JO - Aquatic Toxicology
JF - Aquatic Toxicology
IS - 4
ER -
