Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

Paromita Chakraborty; Gan Zhang; Sabine Eckhardt; Jun Li; Knut Breivik; Paul K.S. Lam; Shinsuke Tanabe; Kevin C. Jones

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.032

Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

Paromita Chakraborty
, Gan Zhang
, Sabine Eckhardt
, Jun Li
, Knut Breivik
, Paul K.S. Lam
, Shinsuke Tanabe
, Kevin C. Jones

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

63 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Atmospheric concentration of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured on diurnal basis by active air sampling during Dec 2006 to Feb 2007 in seven major cities from the northern (New Delhi and Agra), eastern (Kolkata), western (Mumbai and Goa) and southern (Chennai and Bangalore) parts of India. Average concentration of Σ₂₅PCBs in the Indian atmosphere was 4460 (±2200) pg/m^-3 with a dominance of congeners with 4-7 chlorine atoms. Model results (HYSPLIT, FLEXPART) indicate that the source areas are likely confined to local or regional proximity. Results from the FLEXPART model show that existing emission inventories cannot explain the high concentrations observed for PCB-28. Electronic waste, ship breaking activities and dumped solid waste are attributed as the possible sources of PCBs in India. Σ₂₅PCB concentrations for each city showed significant linear correlation with Toxicity equivalence (TEQ) and Neurotoxic equivalence (NEQ) values.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	283-290
Number of pages	8
Journal	Environmental Pollution
Volume	182
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.032
Publication status	Published - 2013
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production

Keywords

Air
FLEXPART
HYSPLIT
India
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Toxicity equivalents

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10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.032

Cite this

@article{d9f0336ec1294ee598065673624f9260,

title = "Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents",

abstract = "Atmospheric concentration of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured on diurnal basis by active air sampling during Dec 2006 to Feb 2007 in seven major cities from the northern (New Delhi and Agra), eastern (Kolkata), western (Mumbai and Goa) and southern (Chennai and Bangalore) parts of India. Average concentration of Σ25PCBs in the Indian atmosphere was 4460 (±2200) pg/m-3 with a dominance of congeners with 4-7 chlorine atoms. Model results (HYSPLIT, FLEXPART) indicate that the source areas are likely confined to local or regional proximity. Results from the FLEXPART model show that existing emission inventories cannot explain the high concentrations observed for PCB-28. Electronic waste, ship breaking activities and dumped solid waste are attributed as the possible sources of PCBs in India. Σ25PCB concentrations for each city showed significant linear correlation with Toxicity equivalence (TEQ) and Neurotoxic equivalence (NEQ) values.",

keywords = "Air, FLEXPART, HYSPLIT, India, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Toxicity equivalents",

author = "Paromita Chakraborty and Gan Zhang and Sabine Eckhardt and Jun Li and Knut Breivik and Lam, \{Paul K.S.\} and Shinsuke Tanabe and Jones, \{Kevin C.\}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-GJ02 ) and Natural Scientific Foundation of China (NSFC) (Project No. 41025020), the Area of Excellence Scheme under the University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. AoE/P-04/2004) and manuscript and model preparation was completed with the support of the Fast Track Grant under Young Scientist Scheme by the Depart of Science and Technology, Government of India ( SR/FTP/EE-44/2012 ). SE and KB was supported by the Research Council of Norway ( 213577/F10 ). The authors would like to thank Mumbai resident Mr. Elvis Dsouza for his extensive support during sampling. ",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.032",

language = "English",

volume = "182",

pages = "283--290",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities

T2 - Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

AU - Chakraborty, Paromita

AU - Zhang, Gan

AU - Eckhardt, Sabine

AU - Li, Jun

AU - Breivik, Knut

AU - Lam, Paul K.S.

AU - Tanabe, Shinsuke

AU - Jones, Kevin C.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-GJ02 ) and Natural Scientific Foundation of China (NSFC) (Project No. 41025020), the Area of Excellence Scheme under the University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. AoE/P-04/2004) and manuscript and model preparation was completed with the support of the Fast Track Grant under Young Scientist Scheme by the Depart of Science and Technology, Government of India ( SR/FTP/EE-44/2012 ). SE and KB was supported by the Research Council of Norway ( 213577/F10 ). The authors would like to thank Mumbai resident Mr. Elvis Dsouza for his extensive support during sampling.

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - Atmospheric concentration of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured on diurnal basis by active air sampling during Dec 2006 to Feb 2007 in seven major cities from the northern (New Delhi and Agra), eastern (Kolkata), western (Mumbai and Goa) and southern (Chennai and Bangalore) parts of India. Average concentration of Σ25PCBs in the Indian atmosphere was 4460 (±2200) pg/m-3 with a dominance of congeners with 4-7 chlorine atoms. Model results (HYSPLIT, FLEXPART) indicate that the source areas are likely confined to local or regional proximity. Results from the FLEXPART model show that existing emission inventories cannot explain the high concentrations observed for PCB-28. Electronic waste, ship breaking activities and dumped solid waste are attributed as the possible sources of PCBs in India. Σ25PCB concentrations for each city showed significant linear correlation with Toxicity equivalence (TEQ) and Neurotoxic equivalence (NEQ) values.

AB - Atmospheric concentration of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured on diurnal basis by active air sampling during Dec 2006 to Feb 2007 in seven major cities from the northern (New Delhi and Agra), eastern (Kolkata), western (Mumbai and Goa) and southern (Chennai and Bangalore) parts of India. Average concentration of Σ25PCBs in the Indian atmosphere was 4460 (±2200) pg/m-3 with a dominance of congeners with 4-7 chlorine atoms. Model results (HYSPLIT, FLEXPART) indicate that the source areas are likely confined to local or regional proximity. Results from the FLEXPART model show that existing emission inventories cannot explain the high concentrations observed for PCB-28. Electronic waste, ship breaking activities and dumped solid waste are attributed as the possible sources of PCBs in India. Σ25PCB concentrations for each city showed significant linear correlation with Toxicity equivalence (TEQ) and Neurotoxic equivalence (NEQ) values.

KW - Air

KW - FLEXPART

KW - HYSPLIT

KW - India

KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls

KW - Toxicity equivalents

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84882801826

U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.032

DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.032

M3 - Article

C2 - 23954623

AN - SCOPUS:84882801826

SN - 0269-7491

VL - 182

SP - 283

EP - 290

JO - Environmental Pollution

JF - Environmental Pollution

ER -

Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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