An integrated model of ambivalence and deterrence of bystander inaction in delegitimizing doxing

Yang Jun Li; Zhi Zhi He; Christy M.K. Cheung; Xiao Liang Shen; Matthew K.O. Lee

doi:10.1016/j.im.2025.104118

An integrated model of ambivalence and deterrence of bystander inaction in delegitimizing doxing

Yang Jun Li
, Zhi Zhi He
, Christy M.K. Cheung
, Xiao Liang Shen
, Matthew K.O. Lee

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Our study seeks to explain bystander inaction by guiding the regulation of delegitimizing doxing. We develop a contextualized research model by integrating attitudinal ambivalence theory and general deterrence theory. Our results innovatively uncover three congruence effects describing how positive and negative appraisals are combined to determine bystander inaction. Moreover, perceived SNS deterrence weakens the negative impact of attitudinal univalence on bystander inaction. As one of the pioneering empirical inquiries into delegitimizing doxing, our study contributes to theory and practice related to bystander intervention in delegitimizing doxing.

Original language	English
Article number	104118
Number of pages	13
Journal	Information and Management
Volume	62
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2025.104118
Publication status	Published - Apr 2025
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Attitudinal ambivalence
Bystander effect
Cyberbullying
Doxing
General deterrence theory
Polynomial regression and response surface analysis

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10.1016/j.im.2025.104118

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title = "An integrated model of ambivalence and deterrence of bystander inaction in delegitimizing doxing",

abstract = "Our study seeks to explain bystander inaction by guiding the regulation of delegitimizing doxing. We develop a contextualized research model by integrating attitudinal ambivalence theory and general deterrence theory. Our results innovatively uncover three congruence effects describing how positive and negative appraisals are combined to determine bystander inaction. Moreover, perceived SNS deterrence weakens the negative impact of attitudinal univalence on bystander inaction. As one of the pioneering empirical inquiries into delegitimizing doxing, our study contributes to theory and practice related to bystander intervention in delegitimizing doxing.",

keywords = "Attitudinal ambivalence, Bystander effect, Cyberbullying, Doxing, General deterrence theory, Polynomial regression and response surface analysis",

author = "Li, \{Yang Jun\} and He, \{Zhi Zhi\} and Cheung, \{Christy M.K.\} and Shen, \{Xiao Liang\} and Lee, \{Matthew K.O.\}",

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doi = "10.1016/j.im.2025.104118",

language = "English",

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AU - Li, Yang Jun

AU - He, Zhi Zhi

AU - Cheung, Christy M.K.

AU - Shen, Xiao Liang

AU - Lee, Matthew K.O.

PY - 2025/4

Y1 - 2025/4

N2 - Our study seeks to explain bystander inaction by guiding the regulation of delegitimizing doxing. We develop a contextualized research model by integrating attitudinal ambivalence theory and general deterrence theory. Our results innovatively uncover three congruence effects describing how positive and negative appraisals are combined to determine bystander inaction. Moreover, perceived SNS deterrence weakens the negative impact of attitudinal univalence on bystander inaction. As one of the pioneering empirical inquiries into delegitimizing doxing, our study contributes to theory and practice related to bystander intervention in delegitimizing doxing.

AB - Our study seeks to explain bystander inaction by guiding the regulation of delegitimizing doxing. We develop a contextualized research model by integrating attitudinal ambivalence theory and general deterrence theory. Our results innovatively uncover three congruence effects describing how positive and negative appraisals are combined to determine bystander inaction. Moreover, perceived SNS deterrence weakens the negative impact of attitudinal univalence on bystander inaction. As one of the pioneering empirical inquiries into delegitimizing doxing, our study contributes to theory and practice related to bystander intervention in delegitimizing doxing.

KW - Attitudinal ambivalence

KW - Bystander effect

KW - Cyberbullying

KW - Doxing

KW - General deterrence theory

KW - Polynomial regression and response surface analysis

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217661044

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DO - 10.1016/j.im.2025.104118

M3 - Article

SN - 0378-7206

VL - 62

JO - Information and Management

JF - Information and Management

IS - 3

M1 - 104118

ER -

An integrated model of ambivalence and deterrence of bystander inaction in delegitimizing doxing

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Keywords

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