6G跨域通感智算融合物联网

Conventional Internet of things (IoT) systems are typically deployed in terrestrial or low-altitude domains with isolated functionalities such as communication and sensing. As global communication technologies evolve towards 6G, they increasingly struggle to meet the demands of emerging applications like Industry 5.0, comprehensive emergency response, and intelligent ocean exploration. These applications require both“ubiquitous coverage across space, air, ground, and sea”and“deep integration of communication, sensing, intelligence, and computing”, promoting the emergence of the 6G cross-domain IoT as a pivotal paradigm. A systematic review of research progress and key technologies in this field was conducted to provide a systematic reference framework for both theoretical research and industrial implementation of 6G cross-domain IoT with unified communication, sensing, intelligence, and computing. Firstly, from a scenario dimension, the development landscape of IoT in four domains, including air-domain, sea-domain, and ground-domain was summarized, highlighting their heterogeneous characteristics and the need for cross-domain integration. Secondly, from a functional dimension, three integration paradigms, including integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), communicationintelligence convergence, and communication-computing coordination, were analyzed, and the necessity of synergistic interaction among communication, sensing, intelligence, and computing were emphasized. Then, a five-layer cross-domain integration architecture spanning hardware, physical, link, network, and application layers was established, and key performance metrics along with inherent trade-offs for global-scale scenarios were identified. Furthermore, the state of research on key enabling technologies was elaborated in detail, including channel measurement and pervasive modeling, cross-domain transmission and universal communication, advanced flexible multi-antenna techniques, energy efficiency optimization, and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, channel map and digital twins, foundation modelempowered ISAC, intelligent computing with cloud-edge-end collaboration, as well as native security and privacy preservation. Finally, future technical challenges and suggest promising research directions were proposed, such as continuousspace radio channel measurement and modeling, electromagnetic information theory, AI foundation models for multisource data fusion, and the development of cross-domain unified standards.