綠鴨朱鳶千萬里: 明清時期安南、朝鮮赴華使節的文化交流與競爭

Translated title of the contribution: A Thousand Miles Between the Green Duck and the Red Falcon: The Cultural Interaction and Competition Between the Envoys of Annam and Chosŏn in the Ming-Qing Period

Lok Yin LAW

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Cultural competition in East Asia can be identified in examples from Annam's mission to China during the Ming-Qing period. Sinitic literature, tributary rituals, and status in the East Asian world order were the critical components that different East Asian tributary representatives used to compare their nation's cultural standards with those of other states in China. In addition to various records of envoy interactions during the Ming-Qing period, this article will pay attention to Nguyễn Đề's (1761- 1805) poetry collection (Hoa trinh tieu khiển tập [Collections of Nguyễn Đề's trip to China]) from 1795. Nguyễn Đề was a critical envoy of the Tay Sơn dynasty, and his poems reveal the competition between Annam and Chosŏn diplomats. While Nguyễn Đề affirmed the cultural status of the Tay Sơn dynasty through such cultural interaction, Chosŏn envoys responded to the Annam emissaries with passive ritual consideration. This article explores how consciousness of cultural competition and local cultural background acted as significant factors in shaping the formats used in the envoys' poems and writings. The examples of different types of interaction between Annam and Chosŏn, as well as Nguyễn Đề's poetry collection from 1795, reveal new perspectives for exploring how cultural competition was the critical factor in reshaping the discourse surrounding the Annam-Chosŏn relationship in East Asia. It was also the key indicator used to represent the tributary state itself.|Cet article passe en revue le processus des missions d'Annam en Chine a l'epoque Ming-Qing. Il examine ensuite les contacts entre les envoyes d'Annam et ceux de Chosŏn ainsi que leurs echanges et leurs competitions culturels, a travers la litterature, les rituels et les titres. L'article se concentre sur le recueil de poesies, intitule Hoa trinh tieu khiển tập (Collection du periple en Chine), de Nguyễn Đề's (1761-1805) qui, en 1795, fut l'emissaire de la dynastie Tay Sơn. L'echange de chants entre Nguyễn Đề et les envoyes de Chosŏn ne constitue pas un simple jeu litteraire chinois, c'est aussi la reconnaissance du statut culturel de la dynastie Chosŏn et de la dynastie Tay Sơn. Par ailleurs, le respect de l'etiquette dans les negociations des agents de ces deux nations avait des considerations culturelles. Cet article aidera la communaute scientifique a examiner comment le sentiment de concurrence culturelle a ete un facteur de maintien de l'ordre en Asie de l'Est et un moyen d'auto representation pour les Etats tributaires.|本稿では、明清時代の安南朝貢使節の行程を確認し、安南使節と朝鮮使節が中国で如何に接触し、如何に文学や儀礼、地位などを通じて文化交流し、競い合ったかを探った。1795年の西山王朝による朝貢使を代表する阮偍(1761-1805)の燕行詩集『華程消遣集』に注目し、彼が朝鮮朝貢使と交わした詩を分析し、単純に漢文学の交流だけでなく、朝鮮の文化的地位を借りた西山王朝の文化水準の肯定であるとする。また朝鮮使節と安南使節の交渉の中で、礼節を失わないイメージには、その文化的な配慮が見られる。さらに東アジア使節の詩文の創作が、単なる感情の交流や相互評価ではなく、同時に各種文化的競争に関する隠れた意味が滲み出ており、このことが文化的競争の結果であるということも強調した。本研究は文化的競争意識が如何に東アジアの世界秩序維持の要因となり、朝貢国の自己表現の手段となったかを考察する。本研究が今後の明清研究の一助となると考える。|Der Artikel diskutiert die kulturelle Interaktion und den Wettbewerb in Literatur, Etiquette und weiteren Kulturgutern zwischen den Gesandten von Annam und Chosǒn wahrend der Ming-Qing-Zeit. Er konzentriert sich besonders auf die Gedichtsammlung von 1795 (Hoa trinh tieu khiển tập [Sammlung von Nguyễn Đềs Reise nach China]) des Gesandten der Tay Sơn Dynastie, Nguyễn Đề (1761-1805), die den kulturellen Wettbewerb zwischen den Diplomaten aus Annam and Chosŏn und ihre Interaktion mit der hofischen Han Kultur belegt. Wir zeigen die Relevanz dieser Dichtung fur Erkenntnisse zum Bewusstsein der respektiven kulturellen Hintergrunde, aber auch zum kulturellen Wettbewerb dieser Lander untereinander auf. Die Analyse der Gesandtendichtung und ihrer Dichterwettbewerbe leistet einen masgeblichen Beitrag zur Forschung zu den Annam-Chosŏn Beziehungen, sowie zu deren Position innerhalb Ostasiens. Zudem demonstriert die diskutierte Sammlung das Selbstverstandnis tributarer Lander innerhalb des ostasiatischen Kulturraums.
Translated title of the contributionA Thousand Miles Between the Green Duck and the Red Falcon: The Cultural Interaction and Competition Between the Envoys of Annam and Chosŏn in the Ming-Qing Period
Original languageChinese (Traditional)
Pages (from-to)551
Number of pages590
Journal清華學報
Volume52
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Sept 2022

Keywords

  • Annam envoys
  • Nguyễn Đề
  • Chosŏn envoys
  • cultural competition
  • Tay Sơn dynasty

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