建陽閩語的聲調模式:兼論五條降拱的類型學意義

This paper has confirmed five falling contours in the Jianyang variety of Northern Min, {62, 52, 54, 43, 32}, which are typologically identified as High-Falling in Rg U, High-Falling in Rg M, Slight-Falling-H, Slight-Falling-L, and Pure Low Tone. The finding of this extreme case of falling contours has enriched the universal tonal inventory by adding two falling tonotypes: High-Falling in Rg U and Slight-Falling-L. 本文描寫閩北建陽話的聲調，幷從類型學角度對它們進行定位。建陽話除了一個升調、一個高短調跟一個平調外，還有五條降拱，{63, 52, 54, 43, 32} 對類型學構成很大的挑戰。在普適調型庫中它們可以確定爲四個降型調和一個純低調：上域高降型 / 63 /；常域高降型 /52/、高微降型 /54/、中微降型 /43/、純低調 /22/。這四個降型調的發現，對聲調類型學有三重意義：1）豐富了調型庫：原來微降只有一種，現在要增補一種；2）原來上域降調只有短降，現在要增補一種長降。3）證實了一個有五條降拱的極端例子。(This article is in Chinese.)